What is Triple Negative Breast Cancer?
A triple negative breast cancer diagnosis means that the three most common types of receptors known to fuel most breast cancer growth–estrogen, progesterone, and the HER-2/neu gene– are absent in the cancer tumor. This means that the breast cancer cells have tested negative for the hormone epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), estrogen receptors (ER), and progesterone receptors (PR). Since the tumor cells lack the necessary receptors, common treatments like hormone therapy and drugs that target estrogen, progesterone, and HER-2 are ineffective. Using chemotherapy to treat triple-negative breast cancer is still an effective option. Triple negative breast cancer may respond even better to chemotherapy in the earlier stages than many other forms of cancer.
Compared to other types of breast cancer, TNBC is more prevalent among women under 40, those who are Black, or those with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. It tends to grow more rapidly, often having already spread by the time it is detected, and it is more likely to recur after treatment. These factors also contribute to lower survival rates when compared to other types of breast cancer.
However, the differences don’t stop there. Black women are more likely to be diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Moreover, they also face healthcare disparities, including limited access to breast cancer screenings, challenges in obtaining treatment after diagnosis, and reduced availability of preventive and educational resources. Research indicates that historical barriers within the healthcare system can significantly affect outcomes for Black women, such as restricted access to education, appropriate screening and treatment options, and participation in clinical trials.
TNBC may be more challenging to treat than other types of breast cancer. Keep in mind that every case of TNBC is unique. You and your care team will develop a plan that works for you based on factors including:
- The size of your tumor
- Whether or not your cancer has spread to surrounding tissues and/or outside your breast
- Your overall health history and more
Some of the treatments used for other types of breast cancer do not help treat TNBC. If you have been diagnosed with TNBC, talk with your doctor about your treatment options.